Open a user record > set "Calendar Integration" = "Outlook"
Create a "Change" request > Input "Planned start date" and "Planned end date" > Save
An event invitation will be sent to Outlook, where start date and end date equal to "Planned start date" and "Planned end date"respectively.
For detail: Business rule > "change events"
2019年1月11日 星期五
2019年1月9日 星期三
Solving network problems
- Introduction
Impact if no internet?
cannot play game
cannot validate software license
no social network
no youtube
no google
- Problem type
- Human
cable in the wrong hole?
router turn on?
- Hardware
network cable broken?
router setting?
firewall?
is network adapter working? driver installed? ip assigned?
isp problem?
how to setup a lan connector? Just refer the color of the old connector
- Broadband ISP hotline
- what checking is usually asked by the support?
ipconfig? cable? reboot router? reboot modem?
- Light of network card
The status LED's (right side facing) can show the following:
Off - The card is not receiving power or is in a boot up state
Solid Green - The card has valid IP settings
Solid Orange - The card has a fault
Flashing Green - The card does not have valid IP settings
Flashing Orange - The card is making BootP requests
Alternating Green/Orange
Rapidly - The card is booting up
Slowly - The card is making a DHCP request
The Link LED's (left side facing) can show the following
Off - The card is not receiving power, does not have a connected network cable or the device (switch/hub) connected to the card is not active
Solid Green - The card is on a network that communicates at 10mbps
Solid Orange - The card is on a network that communicates at 100mbps
Flashing Green - The card is receiving data packets at 10mbps
Flashing Orange - The card is receiving data packets at 100mbps
Category 5e
Though Cat5 and Cat5e cables are physically similar, Category 5e Ethernet adheres to more stringent IEEE standards.
“E” is for enhanced, meaning a lower-noise version where the potential for crosstalk is reduced. Crosstalk is interference that transfers from adjacent wires.
Cat5e is the most common type of cabling used for deployments due to its ability to support Gigabit speeds at a cost-effective price.
Even though both Cat5 and Cat5e support a maximum frequency of up to 100MHz, Cat5e has completely replaced its predecessor. Gigabit Ethernet utilizes 4 data pairs in comparison to Fast Ethernet which utilizes 2 data pairs.
Further, Cat 5e supports speeds of up to 1000 Mbps. It’s flexible enough for small space installations like residences, though it is still used in commercial spaces. Of all the current cabling options, Cat5e is your least expensive option.
NOTE: 100-250Mhz/1 Gbps/100m
http://www.cables-solutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Cat-5e.jpg
- Category 6
Cat6 wiring can support up to 10 Gbps and frequencies of up to 250 MHz.
While Cat5e cable features 1.5-2 twists per cm, Cat6 cables are more tightly wound and feature 2 or more twists per cm. (The amount of twists per cm varies upon each cable manufacturer).
Cat6 cables also sport thicker sheaths in comparison to Cat5e.
Though standard Ethernet supports distances of up to 100 meters, CAT6 cable only supports 37-55 meters (depending on crosstalk) when transmitting 10 Gbps speeds.
Its thicker sheath protects against Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) and Alien Crosstalk (AXT).
Even though Cat6 and Cat6a cabling offer higher performance rates, many LANs still opt for CAT5e due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to support Gigabit speeds.
NOTE: 250-500Mhz/10 Gbps /100m.
https://cdn.gescan.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/c/a/cab24-4ps6ft4blu-1.jpg
- Category 7
Cat7 can also support 10 Gbps
Laboratory testing has successfully shown its ability to transmit up to 40 Gb at 50 meters and even 100 Gb at 15 meters.
The newer “Class F” cabling can support frequencies of up to 600 Mhz. That said, Cat7 has not been approved as a cable standard for telecommunications.
Cat7 offers extensive shielding to reduce signal attenuation
Cat7 is relatively stiff in comparison to previous generations of cabling.
Both individual pairs are shielded, with an additional layer of shielding over the entire cable.
The shielding needs to be grounded and Cat7 also requires special GigaGate45 (GG45) connectors to take full advantage of higher performance features.
Cat6a can perform just about the same as Cat7 but at a lower price point.
Most of our AV and IP surveillance customers opt for Cat6a STP or Cat6a FTP. Both offer shielding from alien crosstalk and interference around high voltage lines.
Cat7 is suited for use in datacenters and large enterprise networks.
Note: 600Mhz/10Gbps/100m (40Gbps at 50m/100Gbps at 15m).
https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*f5mYKuaq2bf129Sb.jpg
- Windows command
ipconfig/renew
ping google.com -t
tracert google.com
what is default gateway?
what is ip 169.254.x.x?
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 動態主機設定通訊協定
動態主機設定協定（DHCP）是一種使網路系統管理員能夠集中管理和自動分配IP網路位址的通信協議。在IP網路中，每個連接Internet的設備都需要分配唯一的IP位址。DHCP使網路系統管理員能從中心結點監控和分配IP地址。當某台電腦移到網路中的其它位置時，能自動收到新的IP位址。
DHCP使用了租約的概念，或稱為電腦IP位址的有效期。租用時間是不定的，主要取決於用戶在某地連接Internet需要多久，這對於教育行業和其它用戶頻繁改變的環境是很實用的。通過較短的租期，DHCP能夠在一個電腦比可用IP位址多的環境中動態地重新配置網路。DHCP支援為電腦分配靜態位址，如需要永久性IP位址的Web伺服器。
BOOTP是一種網路協定，讓電腦或其他周邊儀器可以從伺服器下載啟動程式。
BOOTP（Bootstrap Protocol）是DHCP的前身，本來是設計用來給無磁碟主機透過網路開機用的協定，它與DHCP最大的不同有：
- 會要求一個boot file，用來開機。
- 不支援動態 IP 分配，也因此BOOTP 客戶端不知道有關DHCP中租約時間的部份。
APIPA - Automatic Private IP Addressing 自動私人 IP 位址
APIPA是一個DHCP容錯移轉機制。當DHCP伺服器出故障時，
APIPA在169.254.0.1到
169.254.255.254的私有空間內分配位址，所有設備使用預設的網路遮罩255.255.0.0。客戶機調整它們的位址使用它們在使用ARP的局域網中是唯一的。APIPA可以為沒有DHCP伺服器的單網段網路提供自動配置TCP/IP協定的功能。
Examples of Where APIPA May Be Useful
Example 1: No Previous IP Address and no DHCP Server
When your Windows-based computer (configured for DHCP) is initializing, it broadcasts three or more "discover" messages. If a DHCP server does not respond after several discover messages are broadcast, the Windows computer assigns itself a Class B (APIPA) address. Then the Windows computer will display an error message to the user of the computer (providing it has never been assigned an IP address from a DHCP server in the past). The Windows computer will then send out a Discover message every three minutes in an attempt to establish communications with a DHCP server.Example 2: Previous IP Address and no DHCP Server
The computer checks for the DHCP server and if none are found, an attempt is made to contact the default gateway. If the default gateway replies, then the Windows computer retains the previously-leased IP address. However, if the computer does not receive a response from the default gateway or if none are assigned, then it uses the automatic private IP addressing feature to assign itself an IP address. An error message is presented to the user and discover messages are transmitted every 3 minutes. Once a DHCP server comes on line, a message is generated stating communications have been re-established with a DHCP Server.Example 3: Lease Expires and no DHCP Server
The Windows-based computer tries to re-establish the lease of the IP address. If the Windows computer does not find a DCHP server, it assigns itself an IP address after generating an error message. The computer then broadcasts four discover messages, and after every 5 minutes it repeats the whole procedure until a DHCP server comes on line. A message is then generated stating that communications have been re-established with the DHCP Server.範例 1：沒有先前的 IP 位址，也沒有 DHCP 伺服器
當您的 Windows 電腦 (已設定為適用於 DHCP) 正在初始化時，會廣播 3 項或更多的「探索」訊息。如果廣播數次探索訊息之後，DHCP 伺服器沒有回應，Windows 電腦就會自己指定「類別 B」(APIPA) 的位址。然後，Windows 電腦會向電腦的使用者顯示錯誤訊息 (如果電腦過去沒有從 DHCP 伺服器取得 IP 位址)。接著，Windows 電腦會每 3 分鐘傳送一次「探索」訊息，以試圖建立與 DHCP 伺服器的通訊。範例 2：具有先前的 IP 位址，但沒有 DHCP 伺服器
電腦會查看 DHCP 伺服器，如果找不到 DHCP 伺服器，就會圖連接預設的閘道。如果預設閘道發出回覆，Windows 電腦就會保留先前租用的 IP 位址。然而，如果電腦沒有收到預設閘道的回應，或者沒有指定的預設閘道，就會使用自動私人 IP 位址自己指定 IP 位址。使用者會收到錯誤訊息，並且每 3 分鐘電腦就會傳送探索訊息。一旦 DHCP 伺服器連線，就會產生訊息，說明已經與 DHCP 伺服器重新建立通訊。範例 3：租用到期且沒有 DHCP 伺服器
Windows 電腦試著重新建立 IP 位址的租用。如果 Windows 電腦沒有找到 DCHP 伺服器，就會在產生錯誤訊息之後，自己指定 IP 位址。然後電腦會廣播四個 Discover 訊息，之後每隔 5 分鐘便會重複整個程序，直到 DHCP 伺服器連線為止。接著會產生訊息，說明已經與 DHCP 伺服器重新建立通訊。2018年12月19日 星期三
[ServiceNow] Search scripts among workflow activities
1) In the Navigator filter box, type sys_variable_value.list <-- This takes you to the table to search
2) Click on the Filter wizard icon to create a custom filter
--- Table (document) is wf_activity AND
--- Variable.Column Name contains script' OR
------ Variable.Type.Name contains 'script' AND
--- Value contains [whatever you are searching for]
2) Click on the Filter wizard icon to create a custom filter
--- Table (document) is wf_activity AND
--- Variable.Column Name contains script' OR
------ Variable.Type.Name contains 'script' AND
--- Value contains [whatever you are searching for]
2018年12月11日 星期二
Javascript: html encode and decode
function htmlencode(s) {
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.appendChild(document.createTextNode(s));
return div.innerHTML;
}
function htmldecode(s) {
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.innerHTML = s;
return div.innerText || div.textContent;
}
Enjoy!!!
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.appendChild(document.createTextNode(s));
return div.innerHTML;
}
function htmldecode(s) {
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.innerHTML = s;
return div.innerText || div.textContent;
}
Enjoy!!!
2018年11月23日 星期五
[C#] How to convert Active Directory pwdLastSet to Date/Time
From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18614810/how-to-convert-active-directory-pwdlastset-to-date-time
According to the MSDN documentation:
This value is stored as a large integer that represents the number of 100 nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC).
This aligns perfectly with
DateTime.FromFileTimeUtc, as described here.
And I'm not sure why you feel the need to do the low level manipulation of the integer. I think you could just cast it.
So just do:
long value = (long)objResult.Properties["pwdLastSet"][0];
DateTime pwdLastSet = DateTime.FromFileTimeUtc(value);2018年9月27日 星期四
[Active Directory] Full name vs Display name
Reference: https://www.zubairalexander.com/blog/the-strange-way-in-which-active-directory-implements-the-full-name-attribute/
The Strange Way in Which Active Directory Implements the Full Name Attribute
Did you know that the full name, first name, last name, display name, logon name, and Pre-Windows 2000 account name can all be different for a single user account in Active Directory?
There are some things in software products that are implemented in such a bizarre way that I can’t resist writing about them. One such example is the Full Name attribute in Active Directory accounts. The way Microsoft implements Full Name is rather interesting. Do not confuse Full Name with Display Name. They are two completely different attributes. By default, the Display Name is a combination of a user’s first and last name. Unlike Display Name, the Full Name attribute is not visible in the graphical user interface (GUI) and cannot be set within the properties of the user account.
Try this. Look at all the properties of a user account closely. You won’t find full name anywhere. Yes, you cannot go to a screen and look at the full name. You will find display name, which is not the name that is displayed in Active Directory Users and Computers. So what is the actual Display Name that is displayed in Active Directory Users and Computers? Well, believe it or not, the actual name that is displayed is the full name. The next obvious question you are going to ask is how do I change the full name if it’s not shown in the GUI? Answer: By right-clicking the account and selecting Rename you will notice a pop-up Window that will show you the full name. That’s the only time you will find the screen that shows the full name.
So let’s summarize what we’ve learned so far. The Full Name is by default a combination of a user’s first and last name but it can be a combination of anything you want, totally unrelated to the actual first or last name. The first name, last name, display name and the full name can be completely independent of each other. You can literally have a first name Bill, last name Gates, display name Steve Ballmer, a logon name Melinda and a full name Brad Smith. Play around with these attributes and you will see what I mean.
By the way, the logon name of the user and the SAM account name (Pre-Windows 2000 name) can also be completely independent. So Bill Gates can have a logon name of Melinda. The logon and Pre-Windows 2000 names are configured on the Account tab of the user account properties.
As I mentioned earlier, the Display name is not the name that is displayed in the Active Directory Users and Computers. The real display name is “Full Name”, it’s just not called Display name. To display what I call the “real” display name requires that you change the Full Name by right-clicking the user account. I changed the Full Name (i.e. Display name) to Brad Smith. So what we have is the following.
- Full name (the “real” Display name) = Brad Smith
- First name = Bill
- Last name = Gates
- Display name = Steve Ballmer
- User logon name = Melinda
Once you rename the user account, the General tab will look like this. Notice that the Display name (Steve Ballmer) is not the name that is displayed in Active Directory Users and Computers and that you are allowed to change the display name so it doesn’t match with the first name and last name. When you create a new account, the Active Directory creates a display name that is based on the user’s first name and last name. However, Active Directory doesn’t have a mechanism to check if the display name is a combination of the first name and last name after the fact. In some situations, this behavior can come handy.
I should point out that the Pre-Windows 2000 account can also be changed to a different name. For example, if the logon name contains a period (e.g. Melinda.Gates) and you don’t want a period in the Pre-Windows 2000 account name you can simply remove the period (e.g. MelindaGates). Here’s how the Pre-Windows 2000 account can be different than the standard logon name.
Obviously, I am not recommending you configure the account in such a manner, I am just pointing out the fact that the full name, first name, last name, display name, user logon name, and SAM account name can all be different for a single user account in Active Directory. Which is all fine and dandy, but the way the full name and the display name is implemented in Active Directory appears rather strange to me. I am bringing this up because when I am teaching Active Directory classes, my students are often confused about the whole concept of full name versus display name until I explain the non-intuitive way that it is implemented in Active Directory.
The screen shots in this article are from Windows Server 2012 but this implementation is the same in Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2000.
NOTE: You can change the display name and configure it different ways in ADSIEdit using the properties of “CN=user-Display” as described in this KB250455 article, but that’s not what I am talking about in this article.
Feedback to Microsoft
There are several issues in the way this concept is implemented and here are my suggestions to Microsoft.
- In the Rename User screenshot below, the box Full name should be called Display name because that’s what is actually displayed in the Active Directory Users and Computers.
- The Display name box should be called Full name and it should directly come from the combination of user’s first name and last name, which is the case by default.
- We should not be able to manually change this box, similar to when you create new contacts in Microsoft Exchange, otherwise it is no longer the full name as you can see in the Rename User screenshot above where the name was changed.
Potential Issues
I should point out that the fact that changing the first and last name doesn’t change the Full Name is known to cause developers some headaches, e.g. issues with sharing of a BCM database. The inconsistency in the way this feature is implemented has also some known issues with Exchange, which were documented in this MSDN article. The biggest challenge that the Active Directory administrators face is the confusion that it causes and in my opinion the order of display name and full name should be swapped, as explained in the previous section.
2018年8月27日 星期一
[轉載都市日報 20180824] 轉按律師費最平幾錢？
轉按律師費最平幾錢？
關於物業轉按的好處，本欄曾經多次提及，今次希望談談轉按唯一開支──律師費。
由於牽涉合約條款轉變，業主申請轉按時需赴律師樓簽訂按揭契約，現時市場最便宜律師費僅約5,000元。坊間有些律師樓稱律師費僅4,000餘元，但未必是「全包價」。除了律師費，全包價還包括政府登記費、查冊費和雜費。如轉按需要甩名，筆者格價後發現最平6,000多元全包。
值得注意的是，有些項目即使是「全包價」亦不包括在內，例如「補契費」。比如如業主將樓契放在牀下底，遺失了當中幾份文件，律師樓便要從土地註冊處「補契」，每份約數百元。如果樓契是由銀行持有，理論上不會遺失，但若果物業因應維修令、欠管理費而被「起釘」，將會註入新文書，屆時律師樓亦要補回這些文件，按數量收費。新樓入伙後的轉按也經常要補契。
如果按揭有擔保人，律師樓需要準備額外文件，會牽涉數百元附加費。如果要經按揭保險、註租約等，每項操作都要額外費用，一般也是幾百元。有業主轉按套現為找卡數，希望將年息30厘息債務，轉化成年息僅2厘多按揭息，不過由於銀行擔心貸款人套現後不願還卡數，故此這項貸款需由律師樓代為繳支，手續費一般是每張信用卡幾百元。
總結而言，若果不需要補契、擔保、按揭保險、找卡數，其實轉按手續費只需約5,000元。這項手續費相比數萬元銀行現金回贈，實在是微不足道。
最後想談談律師樓流程。業主簽署貸款信後，便可聯絡律師樓辦手續；業主再簽授權信後，代表律師便可向原銀行取回樓契，一般需時一個月。如果業主在這個月想查詢進度，最有效方法是直接致電原銀行放契部門查詢。當律師樓收到銀行發送樓契，便可處理文件完成轉按手續；律師樓收到樓契後，業主約兩周就可以提取貸款(Drawdown）。
至於如何選擇律師樓？當然是收費愈平愈好，原因是轉按程序公式化，文件都是根據標準樣本，所以找間既便宜、銀行又認可的律師樓便可以。
由於牽涉合約條款轉變，業主申請轉按時需赴律師樓簽訂按揭契約，現時市場最便宜律師費僅約5,000元。坊間有些律師樓稱律師費僅4,000餘元，但未必是「全包價」。除了律師費，全包價還包括政府登記費、查冊費和雜費。如轉按需要甩名，筆者格價後發現最平6,000多元全包。
值得注意的是，有些項目即使是「全包價」亦不包括在內，例如「補契費」。比如如業主將樓契放在牀下底，遺失了當中幾份文件，律師樓便要從土地註冊處「補契」，每份約數百元。如果樓契是由銀行持有，理論上不會遺失，但若果物業因應維修令、欠管理費而被「起釘」，將會註入新文書，屆時律師樓亦要補回這些文件，按數量收費。新樓入伙後的轉按也經常要補契。
如果按揭有擔保人，律師樓需要準備額外文件，會牽涉數百元附加費。如果要經按揭保險、註租約等，每項操作都要額外費用，一般也是幾百元。有業主轉按套現為找卡數，希望將年息30厘息債務，轉化成年息僅2厘多按揭息，不過由於銀行擔心貸款人套現後不願還卡數，故此這項貸款需由律師樓代為繳支，手續費一般是每張信用卡幾百元。
總結而言，若果不需要補契、擔保、按揭保險、找卡數，其實轉按手續費只需約5,000元。這項手續費相比數萬元銀行現金回贈，實在是微不足道。
最後想談談律師樓流程。業主簽署貸款信後，便可聯絡律師樓辦手續；業主再簽授權信後，代表律師便可向原銀行取回樓契，一般需時一個月。如果業主在這個月想查詢進度，最有效方法是直接致電原銀行放契部門查詢。當律師樓收到銀行發送樓契，便可處理文件完成轉按手續；律師樓收到樓契後，業主約兩周就可以提取貸款(Drawdown）。
至於如何選擇律師樓？當然是收費愈平愈好，原因是轉按程序公式化，文件都是根據標準樣本，所以找間既便宜、銀行又認可的律師樓便可以。
子非魚
（逢周五見報）
星之谷按揭轉介榮獲《都市日報》2017傑出轉按顧問大獎，以及2018卓越品牌大獎，並出版「按揭達人」一書
公司網址：https://starpagency.com
（逢周五見報）
星之谷按揭轉介榮獲《都市日報》2017傑出轉按顧問大獎，以及2018卓越品牌大獎，並出版「按揭達人」一書
公司網址：https://starpagency.com
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